French Revolution Class 9 Notes History Chapter 1 PDF

We have found that there some very important topics of french revolution that come in every Exam session and these are very important concepts for this chapter to read as well as to learn.

• Outbreak of the french revolution
• Changes after french revaolution
• Classes of french societies
• Facts about previous emperor Napoleon

Introduction

The French revolution was started in 1789. This event was started by middle class people to shaken the upper class people of the french. The people of middle class started revolts against cruel regime of monarchy. This revolutionary Brings the idea of liberty, fraternity and equality

The French Society comprised :

1st Estate: Clergy ( These are those people who involved in church matters)

2nd Estate: Nobility ( These are those people who are the part of State administrative)

3rd Estate: (Big businessmen, merchants, court officials, peasants, artisans, landless laborers, servants, etc.)

Some people in the Third E-state were rich and some were very poor. The 1st and 2nd E state are exempt of tax while all the financial activities like taxes are charged from 3rd estate.

The Struggle for Survival: Population of France growing very rapidly and so did the demand for grains are also rising. The gap between the rich and poor got wider. This led to subsistence crises in France.

The Growing Middle Class: This estate was educated and believed that no group in society should be privileged by birth, race and Gender. These ideas were bring forwarded by philosophers such as Locke the English philosopher and Rousseau the French philosopher. The American Constitution and its guarantee of individual rights was an important example of political theories of France. These ideas were discussed intensively in salons, coffee houses and spread among people through by books and newspapers. These were even read aloud.

The French Revolution went through several stages. When Louis XVI made the king of France in 1774, he inherited a treasury which was an empty treasury. There was growing discontent within the society of the Old Regime.

1789: Estates General Convocation. The Third Estate organises the National Assembly, the Bastille is stormed, peasant revolts erupt in the countryside, and the Assembly issues the Declaration of Man’s Rights.

1791: A constitution is written to limit the king’s authority and to ensure that all people have access to basic rights.

1792-93: The monarchy is abolished, and France becomes a republic. The Jacobin Republic has been deposed, and France is now ruled by a Directory.

1795: The new Constitution has been approved. From October 26th, 1795, a new Convention selected a five-man Directorate to govern the state. Churches have been reopened.

1799: With the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, the Revolution comes to an end; Napoleon’s coup abolishes the Directory and established the Consulate.

1770s-1780s: Economic decline: French Government in deep debt. In 1774, Louis XVI ascends to the throne.

1788-1789: Bad harvest, high prices, food riots.

1789, May 5: Estates-General convened, demands reforms.

1789, July 14: National Assembly formed. Bastille stormed on July 14. French Revolution starts.

1789, August 4: Night of August 4 ends the rights of the aristocracy, the surrender of feudal rights.

1789, August 26: Declaration of the Rights of Man

1790: Civil Constitution of the Clergy nationalizes the Church.

1791: Dissolution of the National Constituent Assembly.

1792: Constitution of 1791 converts absolute monarchy into a constitutional monarchy with limited powers.

1792: Austria and Prussia attack revolutionary France, Robespierre, elected the first Deputy for Paris to the National convention.

1793: Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were executed.

1792-1794: In 1793, the Reign of Terror starts. Austria, Britain, the Netherlands, Prussia, and Spain are at war with France.

Robespierre’s Committee of Public Safety repels back foreign invaders.

Executes many ‘enemies of the people’ in France itself.

1794: Robespierre is executed. France is governed by a Directory, a committee of five men. The Reign of Terror ends.

1795: National convention dissolved.

1799: Napoleon Bonaparte becomes the leader of the French Revolution ends.

• Women were active participants in the events that brought about so many changes in French society from the starting.
• The majority of women in the third estate had to work to make their living.
• Their wages were lower than mens.
• They demanded equal pay for equal work.
• Women formed their own political clubs and journals to discuss and convey their concerns.
• Women must have the same political rights as males, according to one of their key demands.
• Some law were introduced to improve the status of women in country
• Their struggle still continues in some parts of world
• In 1946 the womens of France geta the right to vote.

The Abolition of Slavery

• Slavery was traded in three directions: Europe, Africa, and America.
• In the 18th century, there was little criticism of slavery in France.
• No laws were passed against it.
• It was in 1794 that the convention made free to all slaves
• But 10 years later slavery was reintroduced by Napoleon.
• It was finally in 1848 that slavery was abolished in the French colonies.

The Revolution and Everyday Life

• The lives of men, women, and children in France changed dramatically in the years after 1789.
• The revolutionary governments took it upon themselves to pass laws that would translate the ideals of liberty and equality into everyday practice.
• One important law that came into effect was the abolition of censorship.
• The most important legacy of the French Revolution was the principles of liberty and democratic rights. During the nineteenth century, these expanded from France to the rest of Europe.

Nepoleon

• In 1804, Napoleon crowned himself as the emperor of France.
• He went out to conquer neighbouring European countries, deposing monarchs and establishing kingdoms in which he and his family might live.
• He saw his role as a modernizer of Europe.
• He was finally, defeated at Waterloo in 1815.

French Revolution Class 9 Notes PDF

Conclusion

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